SwiftDoc.org

Creates a vector with zero in all lanes.

Declaration

public init()

Creates a vector with zero in all lanes.

Declaration

public init()

Creates a vector with zero in all lanes.

Declaration

public init()

Creates a vector with zero in all lanes.

Declaration

public init()

Creates a vector with zero in all lanes.

Declaration

public init()

Creates a vector with zero in all lanes.

Declaration

public init()

Creates an integer from the given floating-point value, rounding toward zero.

Any fractional part of the value passed as source is removed, rounding the value toward zero.

let x = Int(21.5)
// x == 21
let y = Int(-21.5)
// y == -21

If source is outside the bounds of this type after rounding toward zero, a runtime error may occur.

let z = UInt(-21.5)
// Error: ...the result would be less than UInt.min

• Parameter source: A floating-point value to convert to an integer. source must be representable in this type after rounding toward zero.

Declaration

public init(_ source: Float)

Creates an integer from the given floating-point value, rounding toward zero.

Any fractional part of the value passed as source is removed, rounding the value toward zero.

let x = Int(21.5)
// x == 21
let y = Int(-21.5)
// y == -21

If source is outside the bounds of this type after rounding toward zero, a runtime error may occur.

let z = UInt(-21.5)
// Error: ...the result would be less than UInt.min

• Parameter source: A floating-point value to convert to an integer. source must be representable in this type after rounding toward zero.

Declaration

public init(_ source: Double)

Creates an integer from the given floating-point value, rounding toward zero.

Any fractional part of the value passed as source is removed, rounding the value toward zero.

let x = Int(21.5)
// x == 21
let y = Int(-21.5)
// y == -21

If source is outside the bounds of this type after rounding toward zero, a runtime error may occur.

let z = UInt(-21.5)
// Error: ...the result would be less than UInt.min

• Parameter source: A floating-point value to convert to an integer. source must be representable in this type after rounding toward zero.

Declaration

public init(_ source: Float80)

Creates an integer from the given floating-point value, rounding toward zero. Any fractional part of the value passed as source is removed.

let x = Int(21.5)
// x == 21
let y = Int(-21.5)
// y == -21

If source is outside the bounds of this type after rounding toward zero, a runtime error may occur.

let z = UInt(-21.5)
// Error: ...outside the representable range

• Parameter source: A floating-point value to convert to an integer. source must be representable in this type after rounding toward zero.

Declaration

@inlinable public init<T>(_ source: T) where T: BinaryFloatingPoint

Construct with value v.value.

Precondition: v.value can be represented as ASCII (0..<128).

Declaration

@inlinable public init(ascii v: Unicode.Scalar)

Creates an integer from its big-endian representation, changing the byte order if necessary.

• Parameter value: A value to use as the big-endian representation of the new integer.

Declaration

@inlinable public init(bigEndian value: Self)

Creates a new instance with the same memory representation as the given value.

This initializer does not perform any range or overflow checking. The resulting instance may not have the same numeric value as bitPattern---it is only guaranteed to use the same pattern of bits in its binary representation.

• Parameter x: A value to use as the source of the new instance's binary representation.

Declaration

public init(bitPattern x: Int8)

Creates a new instance with the representable value that's closest to the given integer.

If the value passed as source is greater than the maximum representable value in this type, the result is the type's max value. If source is less than the smallest representable value in this type, the result is the type's min value.

In this example, x is initialized as an Int8 instance by clamping 500 to the range -128...127, and y is initialized as a UInt instance by clamping -500 to the range 0...UInt.max.

let x = Int8(clamping: 500)
// x == 127
// x == Int8.max

let y = UInt(clamping: -500)
// y == 0

• Parameter source: An integer to convert to this type.

Declaration

@inlinable public init<Other>(clamping source: Other) where Other: BinaryInteger

Creates a new instance by decoding from the given decoder.

This initializer throws an error if reading from the decoder fails, or if the data read is corrupted or otherwise invalid.

• Parameter decoder: The decoder to read data from.

Declaration

public init(from decoder: Decoder) throws

Creates an integer from its little-endian representation, changing the byte order if necessary.

• Parameter value: A value to use as the little-endian representation of the new integer.

Declaration

@inlinable public init(littleEndian value: Self)

Creates a new instance from the bit pattern of the given instance by truncating or sign-extending if needed to fit this type.

When the bit width of T (the type of source) is equal to or greater than this type's bit width, the result is the truncated least-significant bits of source. For example, when converting a 16-bit value to an 8-bit type, only the lower 8 bits of source are used.

let p: Int16 = -500
// 'p' has a binary representation of 11111110_00001100
let q = Int8(truncatingIfNeeded: p)
// q == 12
// 'q' has a binary representation of 00001100

When the bit width of T is less than this type's bit width, the result is sign-extended to fill the remaining bits. That is, if source is negative, the result is padded with ones; otherwise, the result is padded with zeros.

let u: Int8 = 21
// 'u' has a binary representation of 00010101
let v = Int16(truncatingIfNeeded: u)
// v == 21
// 'v' has a binary representation of 00000000_00010101

let w: Int8 = -21
// 'w' has a binary representation of 11101011
let x = Int16(truncatingIfNeeded: w)
// x == -21
// 'x' has a binary representation of 11111111_11101011
let y = UInt16(truncatingIfNeeded: w)
// y == 65515
// 'y' has a binary representation of 11111111_11101011

• Parameter source: An integer to convert to this type.

Declaration

@inlinable public init<T>(truncatingIfNeeded source: T) where T: BinaryInteger

Creates a new integer value from the given string.

The string passed as description may begin with a plus or minus sign character (+ or -), followed by one or more numeric digits (0-9).

let x = Int("123")
// x == 123

If description is in an invalid format, or if the value it denotes in base 10 is not representable, the result is nil. For example, the following conversions result in nil:

Int(" 100")                       // Includes whitespace
Int("21-50")                      // Invalid format
Int("ff6600")                     // Characters out of bounds
Int("10000000000000000000000000") // Out of range

• Parameter description: The ASCII representation of a number.

Declaration

@inlinable public init?(_ description: String)

Creates a new integer value from the given string and radix.

The string passed as text may begin with a plus or minus sign character (+ or -), followed by one or more numeric digits (0-9) or letters (a-z or A-Z). Parsing of the string is case insensitive.

let x = Int("123")
// x == 123

let y = Int("-123", radix: 8)
// y == -83
let y = Int("+123", radix: 8)
// y == +83

let z = Int("07b", radix: 16)
// z == 123

If text is in an invalid format or contains characters that are out of bounds for the given radix, or if the value it denotes in the given radix is not representable, the result is nil. For example, the following conversions result in nil:

Int(" 100")                       // Includes whitespace
Int("21-50")                      // Invalid format
Int("ff6600")                     // Characters out of bounds
Int("zzzzzzzzzzzzz", radix: 36)   // Out of range

Declaration

@inlinable public init?<S>(_ text: S, radix: Int = 10) where S: StringProtocol

Creates an integer from the given floating-point value, if it can be represented exactly.

If the value passed as source is not representable exactly, the result is nil. In the following example, the constant x is successfully created from a value of 21.0, while the attempt to initialize the constant y from 21.5 fails:

let x = Int(exactly: 21.0)
// x == Optional(21)
let y = Int(exactly: 21.5)
// y == nil

• Parameter source: A floating-point value to convert to an integer.

Declaration

public init?(exactly source: Float)

Creates an integer from the given floating-point value, if it can be represented exactly.

If the value passed as source is not representable exactly, the result is nil. In the following example, the constant x is successfully created from a value of 21.0, while the attempt to initialize the constant y from 21.5 fails:

let x = Int(exactly: 21.0)
// x == Optional(21)
let y = Int(exactly: 21.5)
// y == nil

• Parameter source: A floating-point value to convert to an integer.

Declaration

public init?(exactly source: Double)

Creates an integer from the given floating-point value, if it can be represented exactly.

If the value passed as source is not representable exactly, the result is nil. In the following example, the constant x is successfully created from a value of 21.0, while the attempt to initialize the constant y from 21.5 fails:

let x = Int(exactly: 21.0)
// x == Optional(21)
let y = Int(exactly: 21.5)
// y == nil

• Parameter source: A floating-point value to convert to an integer.

Declaration

public init?(exactly source: Float80)

Creates an integer from the given floating-point value, if it can be represented exactly.

If the value passed as source is not representable exactly, the result is nil. In the following example, the constant x is successfully created from a value of 21.0, while the attempt to initialize the constant y from 21.5 fails:

let x = Int(exactly: 21.0)
// x == Optional(21)
let y = Int(exactly: 21.5)
// y == nil

• Parameter source: A floating-point value to convert to an integer.

Declaration

@inlinable public init?<T>(exactly source: T) where T: BinaryFloatingPoint

The big-endian representation of this integer.

If necessary, the byte order of this value is reversed from the typical byte order of this integer type. On a big-endian platform, for any integer x, x == x.bigEndian.

Declaration

var bigEndian: Self

The number of bits in the binary representation of this value.

Declaration

var bitWidth: Int

A representation of this integer with the byte order swapped.

Declaration

var byteSwapped: UInt8

A mirror that reflects the UInt8 instance.

Declaration

var customMirror: Mirror

A custom playground Quick Look for the UInt8 instance.

Declaration

var customPlaygroundQuickLook: _PlaygroundQuickLook

The number of leading zeros in this value's binary representation.

For example, in an integer type with a bitWidth value of 8, the number 31 has three leading zeros.

let x: Int8 = 0b0001_1111
// x == 31
// x.leadingZeroBitCount == 3

Declaration

var leadingZeroBitCount: Int

The little-endian representation of this integer.

If necessary, the byte order of this value is reversed from the typical byte order of this integer type. On a little-endian platform, for any integer x, x == x.littleEndian.

Declaration

var littleEndian: Self

The magnitude of this value.

Every unsigned integer is its own magnitude, so for any value x, x == x.magnitude.

The global abs(_:) function provides more familiar syntax when you need to find an absolute value. In addition, because abs(_:) always returns a value of the same type, even in a generic context, using the function instead of the magnitude property is encouraged.

Declaration

var magnitude: Self

The number of bits equal to 1 in this value's binary representation.

For example, in a fixed-width integer type with a bitWidth value of 8, the number 31 has five bits equal to 1.

let x: Int8 = 0b0001_1111
// x == 31
// x.nonzeroBitCount == 5

Declaration

var nonzeroBitCount: Int

The number of scalars, or elements, in the vector.

Declaration

var scalarCount: Int

The number of scalars, or elements, in the vector.

Declaration

var scalarCount: Int

The number of scalars, or elements, in the vector.

Declaration

var scalarCount: Int

The number of scalars, or elements, in the vector.

Declaration

var scalarCount: Int

The number of scalars, or elements, in the vector.

Declaration

var scalarCount: Int

The number of scalars, or elements, in the vector.

Declaration

var scalarCount: Int

The number of trailing zeros in this value's binary representation.

For example, the number -8 has three trailing zeros.

let x = Int8(bitPattern: 0b1111_1000)
// x == -8
// x.trailingZeroBitCount == 3

Declaration

var trailingZeroBitCount: Int

A collection containing the words of this value's binary representation, in order from the least significant to most significant.

Declaration

var words: UInt8.Words

Accesses the element at the specified index.

• Parameter index: The index of the element to access. index must be in the range 0..<scalarCount.

Declaration

public subscript(index: Int) -> UInt8

Accesses the element at the specified index.

• Parameter index: The index of the element to access. index must be in the range 0..<scalarCount.

Declaration

public subscript(index: Int) -> UInt8

Accesses the element at the specified index.

• Parameter index: The index of the element to access. index must be in the range 0..<scalarCount.

Declaration

public subscript(index: Int) -> UInt8

Accesses the element at the specified index.

• Parameter index: The index of the element to access. index must be in the range 0..<scalarCount.

Declaration

public subscript(index: Int) -> UInt8

Accesses the element at the specified index.

• Parameter index: The index of the element to access. index must be in the range 0..<scalarCount.

Declaration

public subscript(index: Int) -> UInt8

Accesses the element at the specified index.

• Parameter index: The index of the element to access. index must be in the range 0..<scalarCount.

Declaration

public subscript(index: Int) -> UInt8

Returns the sum of this value and the given value, along with a Boolean value indicating whether overflow occurred in the operation.

• Parameter rhs: The value to add to this value.

Declaration

public func addingReportingOverflow(_ other: UInt8) -> (partialValue: UInt8, overflow: Bool)

Returns the quotient obtained by dividing this value by the given value, along with a Boolean value indicating whether overflow occurred in the operation.

Dividing by zero is not an error when using this method. For a value x, the result of x.dividedReportingOverflow(by: 0) is (x, true).

• Parameter rhs: The value to divide this value by.

Declaration

public func dividedReportingOverflow(by other: UInt8) -> (partialValue: UInt8, overflow: Bool)

Returns a tuple containing the quotient and remainder of dividing the given value by this value.

The resulting quotient must be representable within the bounds of the type. If the quotient of dividing dividend by this value is too large to represent in the type, a runtime error may occur.

• Parameter dividend: A tuple containing the high and low parts of a double-width integer. The high component of the value carries the sign, if the type is signed.

Declaration

@inlinable public func dividingFullWidth(_ dividend: (high: UInt8, low: UInt8.Magnitude)) -> (quotient: UInt8, remainder: UInt8)

Encodes this value into the given encoder.

This function throws an error if any values are invalid for the given encoder's format.

• Parameter encoder: The encoder to write data to.

Declaration

public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws

Hashes the essential components of this value by feeding them into the given hasher.

• Parameter hasher: The hasher to use when combining the components of this instance.

Declaration

@inlinable public func hash(into hasher: inout Hasher)

Returns a tuple containing the high and low parts of the result of multiplying this value by the given value.

Use this method to calculate the full result of a product that would otherwise overflow. Unlike traditional truncating multiplication, the multipliedFullWidth(by:) method returns a tuple containing both the high and low parts of the product of this value and other. The following example uses this method to multiply two UInt8 values that normally overflow when multiplied:

let x: UInt8 = 100
let y: UInt8 = 20
let result = x.multipliedFullWidth(by: y)
// result.high == 0b00000111
// result.low  == 0b11010000

The product of x and y is 2000, which is too large to represent in a UInt8 instance. The high and low properties of the result value represent 2000 when concatenated to form a double-width integer; that is, using result.high as the high byte and result.low as the low byte of a UInt16 instance.

let z = UInt16(result.high) << 8 | UInt16(result.low)
// z == 2000

• Parameter other: The value to multiply this value by.

Declaration

@inlinable public func multipliedFullWidth(by other: UInt8) -> (high: UInt8, low: UInt8.Magnitude)

Returns a tuple containing the high and low parts of the result of multiplying this value by the given value.

Use this method to calculate the full result of a product that would otherwise overflow. Unlike traditional truncating multiplication, the multipliedFullWidth(by:) method returns a tuple containing both the high and low parts of the product of this value and other. The following example uses this method to multiply two Int8 values that normally overflow when multiplied:

let x: Int8 = 48
let y: Int8 = -40
let result = x.multipliedFullWidth(by: y)
// result.high == -8
// result.low  == 128

The product of x and y is -1920, which is too large to represent in an Int8 instance. The high and low compnents of the result value represent -1920 when concatenated to form a double-width integer; that is, using result.high as the high byte and result.low as the low byte of an Int16 instance.

let z = Int16(result.high) << 8 | Int16(result.low)
// z == -1920

• Parameter other: The value to multiply this value by.

Declaration

public func multipliedFullWidth(by other: Self) -> (high: Self, low: Self.Magnitude)

Returns the product of this value and the given value, along with a Boolean value indicating whether overflow occurred in the operation.

• Parameter rhs: The value to multiply by this value.

Declaration

public func multipliedReportingOverflow(by other: UInt8) -> (partialValue: UInt8, overflow: Bool)

Returns the remainder after dividing this value by the given value, along with a Boolean value indicating whether overflow occurred during division.

Dividing by zero is not an error when using this method. For a value x, the result of x.remainderReportingOverflow(dividingBy: 0) is (x, true).

• Parameter rhs: The value to divide this value by.

Declaration

public func remainderReportingOverflow(dividingBy other: UInt8) -> (partialValue: UInt8, overflow: Bool)

Returns -1 if this value is negative and 1 if it's positive; otherwise, 0.

Declaration

@inlinable public func signum() -> UInt8

Returns the difference obtained by subtracting the given value from this value, along with a Boolean value indicating whether overflow occurred in the operation.

• Parameter rhs: The value to subtract from this value.

Declaration

public func subtractingReportingOverflow(_ other: UInt8) -> (partialValue: UInt8, overflow: Bool)

The number of bits used for the underlying binary representation of values of this type.

The bit width of an UInt8 instance is 8.

Declaration

var bitWidth: Int

A Boolean value indicating whether this type is a signed integer type.

This property is always false for unsigned integer types.

Declaration

var isSigned: Bool

Returns the remainder of dividing the first value by the second.

The result of the remainder operator (%) has the same sign as lhs and has a magnitude less than rhs.magnitude.

let x = 22 % 5
// x == 2
let y = 22 % -5
// y == 2
let z = -22 % -5
// z == -2

For any two integers a and b, their quotient q, and their remainder r, a == b * q + r.

Declaration

public static func %(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> UInt8

Divides the first value by the second and stores the remainder in the left-hand-side variable.

The result has the same sign as lhs and has a magnitude less than rhs.magnitude.

var x = 22
x %= 5
// x == 2

var y = 22
y %= -5
// y == 2

var z = -22
z %= -5
// z == -2

Declaration

public static func %=(lhs: inout UInt8, rhs: UInt8)

Returns the result of performing a bitwise AND operation on the two given values.

A bitwise AND operation results in a value that has each bit set to 1 where both of its arguments have that bit set to 1. For example:

let x: UInt8 = 5          // 0b00000101
let y: UInt8 = 14         // 0b00001110
let z = x & y             // 0b00000100
// z == 4

Declaration

public static func &(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> UInt8

Returns the product of the two given values, wrapping the result in case of any overflow.

The overflow multiplication operator (&*) discards any bits that overflow the fixed width of the integer type. In the following example, the product of 10 and 50 is greater than the maximum representable Int8 value, so the result is the partial value after discarding the overflowing bits.

let x: Int8 = 10 &* 5
// x == 50
let y: Int8 = 10 &* 50
// y == -12 (after overflow)

For more about arithmetic with overflow operators, see Overflow Operators in The Swift Programming Language.

Declaration

public static func &*(lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Self

Multiplies two values and stores the result in the left-hand-side variable, wrapping any overflow.

The masking multiplication assignment operator (&*=) silently wraps any overflow that occurs during the operation. In the following example, the product of 10 and 50 is greater than the maximum representable Int8 value, so the result is the partial value after discarding the overflowing bits.

var x: Int8 = 10
x &*= 5
// x == 50
var y: Int8 = 10
y &*= 50
// y == -12 (after overflow)

For more about arithmetic with overflow operators, see Overflow Operators in The Swift Programming Language.

Declaration

public static func &*=(lhs: inout Self, rhs: Self)

Returns the sum of the two given values, wrapping the result in case of any overflow.

The overflow addition operator (&+) discards any bits that overflow the fixed width of the integer type. In the following example, the sum of 100 and 121 is greater than the maximum representable Int8 value, so the result is the partial value after discarding the overflowing bits.

let x: Int8 = 10 &+ 21
// x == 31
let y: Int8 = 100 &+ 121
// y == -35 (after overflow)

For more about arithmetic with overflow operators, see Overflow Operators in The Swift Programming Language.

Declaration

public static func &+(lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Self

Adds two values and stores the result in the left-hand-side variable, wrapping any overflow.

The masking addition assignment operator (&+=) silently wraps any overflow that occurs during the operation. In the following example, the sum of 100 and 121 is greater than the maximum representable Int8 value, so the result is the partial value after discarding the overflowing bits.

var x: Int8 = 10
x &+= 21
// x == 31
var y: Int8 = 100
y &+= 121
// y == -35 (after overflow)

For more about arithmetic with overflow operators, see Overflow Operators in The Swift Programming Language.

Declaration

public static func &+=(lhs: inout Self, rhs: Self)

Returns the difference of the two given values, wrapping the result in case of any overflow.

The overflow subtraction operator (&-) discards any bits that overflow the fixed width of the integer type. In the following example, the difference of 10 and 21 is less than zero, the minimum representable UInt value, so the result is the partial value after discarding the overflowing bits.

let x: UInt8 = 21 &- 10
// x == 11
let y: UInt8 = 10 &- 21
// y == 245 (after overflow)

For more about arithmetic with overflow operators, see Overflow Operators in The Swift Programming Language.

Declaration

public static func &-(lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Self

Subtracts the second value from the first and stores the difference in the left-hand-side variable, wrapping any overflow.

The masking subtraction assignment operator (&-=) silently wraps any overflow that occurs during the operation. In the following example, the difference of 10 and 21 is less than zero, the minimum representable UInt value, so the result is the result is the partial value after discarding the overflowing bits.

var x: Int8 = 21
x &-= 10
// x == 11
var y: UInt8 = 10
y &-= 21
// y == 245 (after overflow)

For more about arithmetic with overflow operators, see Overflow Operators in The Swift Programming Language.

Declaration

public static func &-=(lhs: inout Self, rhs: Self)

Returns the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the left, masking the shift amount to the type's bit width.

Use the masking left shift operator (&<<) when you need to perform a shift and are sure that the shift amount is in the range 0..<lhs.bitWidth. Before shifting, the masking left shift operator masks the shift to this range. The shift is performed using this masked value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the shift amount requires no masking.

let x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
let y = x &<< 2
// y == 120                       // 0b01111000

However, if you use 8 as the shift amount, the method first masks the shift amount to zero, and then performs the shift, resulting in no change to the original value.

let z = x &<< 8
// z == 30                        // 0b00011110

If the bit width of the shifted integer type is a power of two, masking is performed using a bitmask; otherwise, masking is performed using a modulo operation.

Declaration

public static func &<<(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> UInt8

Returns the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the left, masking the shift amount to the type's bit width.

Use the masking left shift operator (&<<) when you need to perform a shift and are sure that the shift amount is in the range 0..<lhs.bitWidth. Before shifting, the masking left shift operator masks the shift to this range. The shift is performed using this masked value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the shift amount requires no masking.

let x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
let y = x &<< 2
// y == 120                       // 0b01111000

However, if you use 8 as the shift amount, the method first masks the shift amount to zero, and then performs the shift, resulting in no change to the original value.

let z = x &<< 8
// z == 30                        // 0b00011110

If the bit width of the shifted integer type is a power of two, masking is performed using a bitmask; otherwise, masking is performed using a modulo operation.

Declaration

public static func &<<(lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Self

Returns the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the left, masking the shift amount to the type's bit width.

Use the masking left shift operator (&<<) when you need to perform a shift and are sure that the shift amount is in the range 0..<lhs.bitWidth. Before shifting, the masking left shift operator masks the shift to this range. The shift is performed using this masked value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the shift amount requires no masking.

let x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
let y = x &<< 2
// y == 120                       // 0b01111000

However, if you use 8 as the shift amount, the method first masks the shift amount to zero, and then performs the shift, resulting in no change to the original value.

let z = x &<< 8
// z == 30                        // 0b00011110

If the bit width of the shifted integer type is a power of two, masking is performed using a bitmask; otherwise, masking is performed using a modulo operation.

Declaration

public static func &<<<Other>(lhs: Self, rhs: Other) -> Self where Other: BinaryInteger

Returns the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the left, masking the shift amount to the type's bit width, and stores the result in the left-hand-side variable.

The &<<= operator performs a masking shift, where the value used as rhs is masked to produce a value in the range 0..<lhs.bitWidth. The shift is performed using this masked value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the shift amount requires no masking.

var x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
x &<<= 2
// x == 120                       // 0b01111000

However, if you pass 19 as rhs, the method first bitmasks rhs to 3, and then uses that masked value as the number of bits to shift lhs.

var y: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
y &<<= 19
// y == 240                       // 0b11110000

Declaration

public static func &<<=(lhs: inout UInt8, rhs: UInt8)

Returns the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the left, masking the shift amount to the type's bit width, and stores the result in the left-hand-side variable.

The &<<= operator performs a masking shift, where the value used as rhs is masked to produce a value in the range 0..<lhs.bitWidth. The shift is performed using this masked value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the shift amount requires no masking.

var x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
x &<<= 2
// x == 120                       // 0b01111000

However, if you pass 19 as rhs, the method first bitmasks rhs to 3, and then uses that masked value as the number of bits to shift lhs.

var y: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
y &<<= 19
// y == 240                       // 0b11110000

Declaration

public static func &<<=<Other>(lhs: inout Self, rhs: Other) where Other: BinaryInteger

Stores the result of performing a bitwise AND operation on the two given values in the left-hand-side variable.

A bitwise AND operation results in a value that has each bit set to 1 where both of its arguments have that bit set to 1. For example:

var x: UInt8 = 5          // 0b00000101
let y: UInt8 = 14         // 0b00001110
x &= y                    // 0b00000100

Declaration

public static func &=(lhs: inout UInt8, rhs: UInt8)

Returns the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the right, masking the shift amount to the type's bit width.

Use the masking right shift operator (&>>) when you need to perform a shift and are sure that the shift amount is in the range 0..<lhs.bitWidth. Before shifting, the masking right shift operator masks the shift to this range. The shift is performed using this masked value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the shift amount requires no masking.

let x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
let y = x &>> 2
// y == 7                         // 0b00000111

However, if you use 8 as the shift amount, the method first masks the shift amount to zero, and then performs the shift, resulting in no change to the original value.

let z = x &>> 8
// z == 30                        // 0b00011110

If the bit width of the shifted integer type is a power of two, masking is performed using a bitmask; otherwise, masking is performed using a modulo operation.

Declaration

public static func &>>(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> UInt8

Returns the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the right, masking the shift amount to the type's bit width.

Use the masking right shift operator (&>>) when you need to perform a shift and are sure that the shift amount is in the range 0..<lhs.bitWidth. Before shifting, the masking right shift operator masks the shift to this range. The shift is performed using this masked value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the shift amount requires no masking.

let x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
let y = x &>> 2
// y == 7                         // 0b00000111

However, if you use 8 as the shift amount, the method first masks the shift amount to zero, and then performs the shift, resulting in no change to the original value.

let z = x &>> 8
// z == 30                        // 0b00011110

If the bit width of the shifted integer type is a power of two, masking is performed using a bitmask; otherwise, masking is performed using a modulo operation.

Declaration

public static func &>>(lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Self

Returns the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the right, masking the shift amount to the type's bit width.

Use the masking right shift operator (&>>) when you need to perform a shift and are sure that the shift amount is in the range 0..<lhs.bitWidth. Before shifting, the masking right shift operator masks the shift to this range. The shift is performed using this masked value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the shift amount requires no masking.

let x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
let y = x &>> 2
// y == 7                         // 0b00000111

However, if you use 8 as the shift amount, the method first masks the shift amount to zero, and then performs the shift, resulting in no change to the original value.

let z = x &>> 8
// z == 30                        // 0b00011110

If the bit width of the shifted integer type is a power of two, masking is performed using a bitmask; otherwise, masking is performed using a modulo operation.

Declaration

public static func &>><Other>(lhs: Self, rhs: Other) -> Self where Other: BinaryInteger

Calculates the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the right, masking the shift amount to the type's bit width, and stores the result in the left-hand-side variable.

The &>>= operator performs a masking shift, where the value passed as rhs is masked to produce a value in the range 0..<lhs.bitWidth. The shift is performed using this masked value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the shift amount requires no masking.

var x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
x &>>= 2
// x == 7                         // 0b00000111

However, if you use 19 as rhs, the operation first bitmasks rhs to 3, and then uses that masked value as the number of bits to shift lhs.

var y: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
y &>>= 19
// y == 3                         // 0b00000011

Declaration

public static func &>>=(lhs: inout UInt8, rhs: UInt8)

Calculates the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the right, masking the shift amount to the type's bit width, and stores the result in the left-hand-side variable.

The &>>= operator performs a masking shift, where the value passed as rhs is masked to produce a value in the range 0..<lhs.bitWidth. The shift is performed using this masked value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the shift amount requires no masking.

var x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
x &>>= 2
// x == 7                         // 0b00000111

However, if you use 19 as rhs, the operation first bitmasks rhs to 3, and then uses that masked value as the number of bits to shift lhs.

var y: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
y &>>= 19
// y == 3                         // 0b00000011

Declaration

public static func &>>=<Other>(lhs: inout Self, rhs: Other) where Other: BinaryInteger

Multiplies two values and produces their product.

The multiplication operator (*) calculates the product of its two arguments. For example:

2 * 3                   // 6
100 * 21                // 2100
-10 * 15                // -150
3.5 * 2.25              // 7.875

You cannot use * with arguments of different types. To multiply values of different types, convert one of the values to the other value's type.

let x: Int8 = 21
let y: Int = 1000000
Int(x) * y              // 21000000

The product of the two arguments must be representable in the arguments' type. In the following example, the result of 21 * 21 is greater than the maximum representable Int8 value:

x * 21                  // Overflow error

Note: Overflow checking is not performed in -Ounchecked builds.

If you want to opt out of overflow checking and wrap the result in case of any overflow, use the overflow multiplication operator (&*).

x &* 21                // -115

Declaration

public static func *(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> UInt8

Multiplies two values and stores the result in the left-hand-side variable.

The product of the two arguments must be representable in the arguments' type. In the following example, the result of 21 * 21 is greater than the maximum representable Int8 value:

var x: Int8 = 21
x * 21
// Overflow error

Note: Overflow checking is not performed in -Ounchecked builds.

Declaration

public static func *=(lhs: inout UInt8, rhs: UInt8)

Adds two values and produces their sum.

The addition operator (+) calculates the sum of its two arguments. For example:

1 + 2                   // 3
-10 + 15                // 5
-15 + -5                // -20
21.5 + 3.25             // 24.75

You cannot use + with arguments of different types. To add values of different types, convert one of the values to the other value's type.

let x: Int8 = 21
let y: Int = 1000000
Int(x) + y              // 1000021

The sum of the two arguments must be representable in the arguments' type. In the following example, the result of 21 + 120 is greater than the maximum representable Int8 value:

x + 120                 // Overflow error

Note: Overflow checking is not performed in -Ounchecked builds.

If you want to opt out of overflow checking and wrap the result in case of any overflow, use the overflow addition operator (&+).

x &+ 120                // -115

Declaration

public static func +(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> UInt8

Adds two values and stores the result in the left-hand-side variable.

The sum of the two arguments must be representable in the arguments' type. In the following example, the result of 21 + 120 is greater than the maximum representable Int8 value:

var x: Int8 = 21
x += 120
// Overflow error

Note: Overflow checking is not performed in -Ounchecked builds.

Declaration

public static func +=(lhs: inout UInt8, rhs: UInt8)

Subtracts one value from another and produces their difference.

The subtraction operator (-) calculates the difference of its two arguments. For example:

8 - 3                   // 5
-10 - 5                 // -15
100 - -5                // 105
10.5 - 100.0            // -89.5

You cannot use - with arguments of different types. To subtract values of different types, convert one of the values to the other value's type.

let x: UInt8 = 21
let y: UInt = 1000000
y - UInt(x)             // 999979

The difference of the two arguments must be representable in the arguments' type. In the following example, the result of 21 - 50 is less than zero, the minimum representable UInt8 value:

x - 50                  // Overflow error

Note: Overflow checking is not performed in -Ounchecked builds.

If you want to opt out of overflow checking and wrap the result in case of any overflow, use the overflow subtraction operator (&-).

x &- 50                // 227

Declaration

public static func -(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> UInt8

Subtracts the second value from the first and stores the difference in the left-hand-side variable.

The difference of the two arguments must be representable in the arguments' type. In the following example, the result of 21 - 50 is less than zero, the minimum representable UInt8 value:

var x: UInt8 = 21
x - 50
// Overflow error

Note: Overflow checking is not performed in -Ounchecked builds.

Declaration

public static func -=(lhs: inout UInt8, rhs: UInt8)

Returns the quotient of dividing the first value by the second.

For integer types, any remainder of the division is discarded.

let x = 21 / 5
// x == 4

Declaration

public static func /(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> UInt8

Divides the first value by the second and stores the quotient in the left-hand-side variable.

For integer types, any remainder of the division is discarded.

var x = 21
x /= 5
// x == 4

Declaration

public static func /=(lhs: inout UInt8, rhs: UInt8)

Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the value of the first argument is less than that of the second argument.

This function is the only requirement of the Comparable protocol. The remainder of the relational operator functions are implemented by the standard library for any type that conforms to Comparable.

Declaration

public static func <(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> Bool

Returns the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the left.

The << operator performs a smart shift, which defines a result for a shift of any value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the value is shifted left by two bits.

let x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
let y = x << 2
// y == 120                       // 0b01111000

If you use 11 as rhs, x is overshifted such that all of its bits are set to zero.

let z = x << 11
// z == 0                         // 0b00000000

Using a negative value as rhs is the same as performing a right shift with abs(rhs).

let a = x << -3
// a == 3                         // 0b00000011
let b = x >> 3
// b == 3                         // 0b00000011

Declaration

public static func <<<Other>(lhs: Self, rhs: Other) -> Self where Other: BinaryInteger

Stores the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the left in the left-hand-side variable.

The << operator performs a smart shift, which defines a result for a shift of any value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the value is shifted left by two bits.

var x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
x <<= 2
// x == 120                       // 0b01111000

If you use 11 as rhs, x is overshifted such that all of its bits are set to zero.

var y: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
y <<= 11
// y == 0                         // 0b00000000

Using a negative value as rhs is the same as performing a right shift with abs(rhs).

var a: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
a <<= -3
// a == 3                         // 0b00000011

var b: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
b >>= 3
// b == 3                         // 0b00000011

Declaration

public static func <<=<Other>(lhs: inout Self, rhs: Other) where Other: BinaryInteger

Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the value of the first argument is less than or equal to that of the second argument.

Declaration

public static func <=(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> Bool

Returns a Boolean value indicating whether two values are equal.

Equality is the inverse of inequality. For any values a and b, a == b implies that a != b is false.

Declaration

public static func ==(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> Bool

Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the value of the first argument is greater than that of the second argument.

Declaration

public static func >(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> Bool

Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the value of the first argument is greater than or equal to that of the second argument.

Declaration

public static func >=(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> Bool

Returns the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the right.

The >> operator performs a smart shift, which defines a result for a shift of any value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the value is shifted right by two bits.

let x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
let y = x >> 2
// y == 7                         // 0b00000111

If you use 11 as rhs, x is overshifted such that all of its bits are set to zero.

let z = x >> 11
// z == 0                         // 0b00000000

Using a negative value as rhs is the same as performing a left shift using abs(rhs).

let a = x >> -3
// a == 240                       // 0b11110000
let b = x << 3
// b == 240                       // 0b11110000

Right shift operations on negative values "fill in" the high bits with ones instead of zeros.

let q: Int8 = -30                 // 0b11100010
let r = q >> 2
// r == -8                        // 0b11111000

let s = q >> 11
// s == -1                        // 0b11111111

Declaration

public static func >><Other>(lhs: Self, rhs: Other) -> Self where Other: BinaryInteger

Stores the result of shifting a value's binary representation the specified number of digits to the right in the left-hand-side variable.

The >>= operator performs a smart shift, which defines a result for a shift of any value.

The following example defines x as an instance of UInt8, an 8-bit, unsigned integer type. If you use 2 as the right-hand-side value in an operation on x, the value is shifted right by two bits.

var x: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
x >>= 2
// x == 7                         // 0b00000111

If you use 11 as rhs, x is overshifted such that all of its bits are set to zero.

var y: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
y >>= 11
// y == 0                         // 0b00000000

Using a negative value as rhs is the same as performing a left shift using abs(rhs).

var a: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
a >>= -3
// a == 240                       // 0b11110000

var b: UInt8 = 30                 // 0b00011110
b <<= 3
// b == 240                       // 0b11110000

Right shift operations on negative values "fill in" the high bits with ones instead of zeros.

var q: Int8 = -30                 // 0b11100010
q >>= 2
// q == -8                        // 0b11111000

var r: Int8 = -30                 // 0b11100010
r >>= 11
// r == -1                        // 0b11111111

Declaration

public static func >>=<Other>(lhs: inout Self, rhs: Other) where Other: BinaryInteger

Returns the result of performing a bitwise XOR operation on the two given values.

A bitwise XOR operation, also known as an exclusive OR operation, results in a value that has each bit set to 1 where one or the other but not both of its arguments had that bit set to 1. For example:

let x: UInt8 = 5          // 0b00000101
let y: UInt8 = 14         // 0b00001110
let z = x ^ y             // 0b00001011
// z == 11

Declaration

public static func ^(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> UInt8

Stores the result of performing a bitwise XOR operation on the two given values in the left-hand-side variable.

A bitwise XOR operation, also known as an exclusive OR operation, results in a value that has each bit set to 1 where one or the other but not both of its arguments had that bit set to 1. For example:

var x: UInt8 = 5          // 0b00000101
let y: UInt8 = 14         // 0b00001110
x ^= y                    // 0b00001011

Declaration

public static func ^=(lhs: inout UInt8, rhs: UInt8)

Returns a random value within the specified range.

Use this method to generate an integer within a specific range. This example creates three new values in the range 1..<100.

for _ in 1...3 {
    print(Int.random(in: 1..<100))
}
// Prints "53"
// Prints "64"
// Prints "5"

This method is equivalent to calling the version that takes a generator, passing in the system's default random generator.

• Parameter range: The range in which to create a random value. range must not be empty.

Declaration

@inlinable public static func random(in range: Range<Self>) -> Self

Returns a random value within the specified range.

Use this method to generate an integer within a specific range. This example creates three new values in the range 1...100.

for _ in 1...3 {
    print(Int.random(in: 1...100))
}
// Prints "53"
// Prints "64"
// Prints "5"

This method is equivalent to calling random(in:using:), passing in the system's default random generator.

• Parameter range: The range in which to create a random value.

Declaration

@inlinable public static func random(in range: ClosedRange<Self>) -> Self

Returns a random value within the specified range, using the given generator as a source for randomness.

Use this method to generate an integer within a specific range when you are using a custom random number generator. This example creates three new values in the range 1..<100.

for _ in 1...3 {
    print(Int.random(in: 1..<100, using: &myGenerator))
}
// Prints "7"
// Prints "44"
// Prints "21"

Note: The algorithm used to create random values may change in a future version of Swift. If you're passing a generator that results in the same sequence of integer values each time you run your program, that sequence may change when your program is compiled using a different version of Swift.

Declaration

@inlinable public static func random<T>(in range: Range<Self>, using generator: inout T) -> Self where T: RandomNumberGenerator

Returns a random value within the specified range, using the given generator as a source for randomness.

Use this method to generate an integer within a specific range when you are using a custom random number generator. This example creates three new values in the range 1...100.

for _ in 1...3 {
    print(Int.random(in: 1...100, using: &myGenerator))
}
// Prints "7"
// Prints "44"
// Prints "21"

Declaration

@inlinable public static func random<T>(in range: ClosedRange<Self>, using generator: inout T) -> Self where T: RandomNumberGenerator

Returns the result of performing a bitwise OR operation on the two given values.

A bitwise OR operation results in a value that has each bit set to 1 where one or both of its arguments have that bit set to 1. For example:

let x: UInt8 = 5          // 0b00000101
let y: UInt8 = 14         // 0b00001110
let z = x | y             // 0b00001111
// z == 15

Declaration

public static func |(lhs: UInt8, rhs: UInt8) -> UInt8

Stores the result of performing a bitwise OR operation on the two given values in the left-hand-side variable.

A bitwise OR operation results in a value that has each bit set to 1 where one or both of its arguments have that bit set to 1. For example:

var x: UInt8 = 5          // 0b00000101
let y: UInt8 = 14         // 0b00001110
x |= y                    // 0b00001111

Declaration

public static func |=(lhs: inout UInt8, rhs: UInt8)

Returns the inverse of the bits set in the argument.

The bitwise NOT operator (~) is a prefix operator that returns a value in which all the bits of its argument are flipped: Bits that are 1 in the argument are 0 in the result, and bits that are 0 in the argument are 1 in the result. This is equivalent to the inverse of a set. For example:

let x: UInt8 = 5        // 0b00000101
let notX = ~x           // 0b11111010

Performing a bitwise NOT operation on 0 returns a value with every bit set to 1.

let allOnes = ~UInt8.min   // 0b11111111

Complexity: O(1).

Declaration

prefix public static func ~(x: Self) -> Self